The Physics Of The Solar System - 1730 Words

Formally, classified natural satellites or moons include 176 planetary satellites orbiting six of the eight planets. Of the inner planets, Mercury and Venus have no natural satellites; Earth has one large natural satellite, known as the Moon; and Mars has two tiny natural satellites, Phobos and Deimos. The large gas giant planets have extensive systems of natural satellites, including half a dozen comparable in size to Earth s Moon. The objects in the solar system are classified foremost by their dynamics and motion, while size and composition are important for secondary classification. The solar system itself is, defined by the orbits of its constituent bodies. Classification by motion is more useful for astronomers. In fact, the dynamics of the solar system were a central issue for early astronomers such as Ptolemy in the second century and Nicholaus Copernicus in the 16th century. In what follows, we introduce different classifications of the planetary moons. 1.2. Classification of motion of natural satellites 1.2.1 Classification based on the orbits The natural satellites may be, classified into three categories according to their orbits (Newburn and Gulkis, 1973; Burns, 1986) as follows. Category 1: Regular satellites The regular satellites move prograde in nearly circular orbits in the equatorial plane of the mother planet. This sector of satellites represents the four Galilian satellites of Jupiter, the eight classical satellites of Saturn (from Mimas to Iapetus),Show MoreRelatedPhysics Of The Solar System1268 Words   |  6 PagesOur solar system is home to many different types of planets and moons. These differences can vary from the elements that make up the objects to the size of them. While there are many different solar systems in the galaxy, they are unique in their own way. The main reason for the differences in the solar systems is their formation at the start of their life. Our solar system s objects contain many differences that exist because of the unique way in which our solar system formed. While there are manyRead MorePhysics Of The Solar System966 Words   |  4 Pages Final Examination In our solar system we see many characteristics be brought out by the sun and the planets. Five of the main properties that will be discussed are geology, chemical composition of the interior and atmosphere, interior structure, orbital time.speed, and distance from the Sun, and comparative planetology. Planetary geology is the study of the structure, composition, processes, and origin of major and minor planetary bodies in our solar system. The goal is to understand the originRead MorePurpose For A Career In Engineering1025 Words   |  5 Pagesparticularly solar and wind powers are among the chief contenders to solve global energy predicament and concurrently advance our energy generation to the next level. To contribute towards acceleration of this transition to humanity is the primary guiding rationality behind my desire to pursue higher education in engineering. In high school, deeply intrigued by mechanisms and experiments in physics, I frequently took part in the State Science Exhibitions demonstrating models from solar oven to spring-massRead MoreAstronomy : The Field Of Study961 Words   |  4 Pageswhat in the solar system, galaxy, and universe (2) †¢ They study the evolution of planets and stars to more understand how our solar system works (2) †¢ Astronomers study physics at work throughout space (2) †¢ Astronomers study other stars and try to see what types of planets are around them (2) †¢ Solar astronomers study our sun to find cycles, holes, and other things that can help us understand the sun (2) †¢ Astronomers figure out the distance between our solar system and other solar systems, betweenRead MoreCopernicus s Theory Of The Planetary System Essay1025 Words   |  5 Pagesplanetary solar system works, few natural philosophers have affected us more than Nicolaus Copernicus. Nicolaus Copernicus was a scientist who was born on February 19, 1473. Around 1508, Copernicus started to develop his own idea of the solar system. His theory stated that the Sun was the center of the universe. Before Copernicus, it was widely believed that the Earth was the center of the universe rather than the Sun. Copernicus’s theory stressed the idea of heliocentrism or â€Å"Sun-centered system†. AlsoRead MorePersonal Statement Of Application For Nannomaterials834 Words   |  4 Pagesworld, especially in dye-sensitized solar cells, I joined the Department of Chemistry to do research on nanotechnology while preparing to take a Master’s degree in Physics from the same unive rsity with a solid foundation in materials science, basic electronics, advanced device electronics, quantum physics, and computational physics. According to the International Energy Agency’s 2015 World Energy Outlook, a complete de-carbonization of the world’s energy system is needed for a sustainable developmentRead MorePhysics 11373 Words   |  6 Pagesastronomy was widely rejected by his countrymen. His contributions to physics also place him in the ranks of the greatest scientists of all time. Without Galileo’s contributions to astronomy, mathematics, and physics, we would lack many basic understandings of the universe and our world. Body Galileo Galilei was the son of a musician born in Pisa, Italy in 1564. He studied medicine, but his interests laid in mathematics and physics. At age twenty-five, he became a professor of mathematics at PisaRead MoreA Brief History of Time Summary Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesTheoretical Physics, a modern topic of science with an extremely deterring sound and famous for being beyond complex, is a subject which cannot be explained with ease. Stephen Hawking, the most famous living scientist today, wrote A Brief History of Time in 1988, updated in 1996, in order to take upon this daunting task of explaining basic theoretical physics to a population who had previously barely studied any science. Within A Brief History of Time, Hawking touches upon seven topics in-depth whileRead MoreEssay On Physics Of Complex Systems722 Words   |  3 Pagesand fascinating research areas in physics nowadays is the physics of complex systems, or the theory of complexity. There is not a single and s traightforward meaning associated with this buzzword due to its vagueness and polysemy, and very often it depends on the context and the authors. Nevertheless, one of the interesting points are the tools and methods that the theory provides that can be eventually applied to many different disciplines, ranging from physics, chemistry, biology, applied sciencesRead MoreSylvia Gregorio Case Srtudy1278 Words   |  6 Pagesat the Solar Section of the NFD which conducts studies on solar thermal conversion systems, photo voltaic system applications, and solar energy storage employing various media. Employees in the Center had a tendency to take their work not so seriously. If they belong to one section or holding office in the same group, they formed cliques and had some tendency to form exclusive group. Employees at the Solar Section on the other hand were mostly male who were engineers or Math / Physics major

The JonBenet Ramsey Murder Investigation

On Dec. 26, 1996, JonBenet Ramseys 6-year-old body was found in the basement of her Boulder, Colorado home after a ransom note was found demanding money for her return. Family members came under suspicion in the investigation, although a strangers DNA was found on the girls clothing. No one has ever been officially charged with a crime in the case, which remains unsolved. Here are the latest developments in the JonBenet Ramsey murder investigation: Chief: Cops Botched JonBenet Crime Scene Feb. 25, 2015 - A former Boulder, Colorado police chief says his officers should have done a better job of securing the crime scene at the home where JonBenet Ramsey was found killed. Mark Beckner said a lack of manpower due to the Christmas holiday was partly to blame for the confusion at the scene. In an online question and answer session, Beckner said detectives should have separated the parents, John and Patsy Ramsey, and taken full statements from each of them on day one. Instead, when the couple lawyered up they were released and allowed to go home and were not formally interviewed again until five months later. Beckner called that decision a big mistake. During the online session, Beckner also criticized the Boulder district attorneys office for getting too involved in the investigation. Beckner said that he believes the DNA found on the 6-year-olds clothing is the key to finding a suspect in the case, but he also said he does not think anyone will ever be convicted of the 1996 murder, due mainly to mistakes his department made that first day. Previous Developments Jury Indicted JonBenets Parents, But D.A. Balked in 1999Jan. 28, 2013The grand jury investigating the death of JonBenet Ramsey indicted both her parents in 1999, but the district attorney refused to sign the indictment and prosecute the case. District Attorney Alex Hunter did not believe he had enough evidence to convict John and Patsy Ramsey for child abuse resulting in a death, according to an investigative report by a Boulder newspaper. Police Plan Interviews in JonBenet CaseOct. 4, 2010Investigators have planned a new series of interviews in the unsolved JonBenet Ramsey case, but it may not be new evidence that has prompted the activity. An advisory committee, made up of investigators from several state and federal agencies, recommended the new round of interviews after meeting in 2009. JonBenet Ramsey Case Returned to Boulder PoliceFeb. 3, 2009Saying they will use new technology, expertise, and an advisory task force to try to solve the crime, the Boulder Police Department has taken the reins again in the investigation of the JonBenet Ramsey murder. For the past six years, the investigation has been handled by the district attorneys office. Ramseys Cleared in JonBenet Murder CaseJuly 9, 2008The Boulder, Colorado district attorney has released a letter officially clearing members of the Ramsey family of any involvement in the December 1996 death of 6-year-old JonBenet Ramsey after newly discovered DNA evidence points to a male perpetrator not associated with the family or law enforcement. The DNA evidence, found on another piece of JonBenets clothing, matches previous evidence found on her panties in 1997. John Mark Karr Arrested in Domestic DisputeJuly 7, 2007The man who gained the national spotlight by confessing to the murder of JonBenet Ramsey has been arrested and jailed following a domestic dispute at his fathers house in Sandy Springs, Georgia, near Atlanta. Police said they arrested Karr after they received a 9-1-1 call reporting an argument between Karr, his girlfriend, and his father. John Mark Karr Now Free to RoamOct. 5, 2006John Mark Karr, the substitute elementary school teacher who falsely confessed to the murder of JonBenet Ramsey to get out of Thailand, is now a free man after child pornography charges were dismissed against him in California after prosecutors admitted they did not have enough evidence to go to trial. Sonoma County Superior Court Judge Rene Chouteau ordered Karr released immediately. Karr Turns Down Pornography Plea DealSept. 22, 2006John Mark Karr, who gave a false confession in the JonBenet Ramsey case, has rejected a plea deal from California prosecutors that would have allowed him to walk out of jail and serve a probation sentence on child pornography charges. His lawyer said Karr maintains his innocence and refuses to plead guilty to a crime that he did not commit. Charges Dropped in JonBenet Ramsey CaseAug. 28, 2006Colorado prosecutors have decided not to charge John Mark Karr with the murder of six-year-old JonBenet Ramsey on December 26, 1996, after DNA tests failed to link the suspect to the crime scene evidence. The warrant on Mr. Karr has been dropped by the district attorney, public defender Seth Temin said. They are not proceeding with the case. Arrest of JonBenet Suspect Raises Many QuestionsAug. 17, 2006The arrest of 41-year-old John Mark Karr in Bangkok, Thailand for the murder of JonBenet Ramsey in 1996 and his statements to investigators have raised concerns about the validity of his confession. A news conference by Boulder, Colorado District Attorney Mary Lacy today revealed no insight into the investigation, as she refused to make any comments on evidence in the case. Teacher Arrested in JonBenet Ramsey CaseAug. 16, 2006A man currently being held in Thailand on unrelated sexual charges has been arrested in connection with the murder of six-year-old JonBenet Ramsey in her Boulder, Colorado home almost ten years ago. The suspect, who authorities say has confessed to the murder, will be returned to the United States within the next week. JonBenet Ramsey Investigator Changes AgainMarch 20, 2006The lead investigator for the JonBenet Ramsey murder case is about to change again, but the new detective is one who once worked exclusively on the Christmas 1996 death of the six-year-old daughter of John and Patsy Ramsey. Tom Bennett, a retired detective from the Arvada Police Department, joined the Boulders prosecutors office in 2003 working exclusively on the Ramsey case, working 20 to 30 hours a week. JonBenets Killer Linked to Another Rape?Dec. 20, 2004Investigators in the JonBenet Ramsey murder case believe the intruder who killed the six-year-old may have struck again nine months later, sexually assaulting an eight-year-old girl, who was in the same dance class with JonBenet, in her Boulder, Colorado bedroom. A CBS 48 Hours Mystery report also says DNA evidence in the JonBenet case points to a male not associated with the Ramsey family. For most of the eight years since the murder, the investigation was focused almost exclusively on members of the Ramsey family. The JonBenet Ramsey Murder Investigation Around 5:30 a.m. the morning after Christmas Day, 1996, Patsy Ramsey found a ransom note on the familys back staircase demanding $118,000 for her six-year-old daughter, JonBenet, and called 911. Later that day, John Ramsey discovered JonBenets body in a spare room in the basement. She had been strangled with a garrote, and her mouth had been bound with duct tape. John Ramsey removed the duct tape and carried her body upstairs. The Early Investigation From the very beginning, the investigation into the death of JonBenet Ramsey focused on members of the family. Boulder, Colorado investigators went to the Atlanta home of the Ramseys to search for a clue and served a search warrant on their summer home in Michigan. Police took hair and blood samples from members of the Ramsey family. The Ramseys tell the press there is a killer on the loose, but Boulder officials downplay the prospect that a killer is threatening city residents. The Ransom Note The investigation into the murder of JonBenet Ramsey focused on the three-page ransom note, which was apparently written on a notepad found in the house. Handwriting samples were taken from the Ramseys, and John Ramsey was ruled out as the author of the note, but police could not eliminate Patsy Ramsey as the writer. District Attorney Alex Hunter tells the media that the parents are obviously the focus of the investigation. Expert Prosecution Task Force District attorney Hunter forms an Expert Prosecution Task Force, including forensic expert Henry Lee and DNA expert Barry Scheck. In March 1997 retired homicide detective Lou Smit, who solved the Heather Dawn Church murder in Colorado Spring, is hired to head the investigation team. Smits investigation would eventually point to an intruder as the perpetrator, which conflicted with the DAs theory that someone in the family was responsible for JonBenets death. Conflicting Theories From the beginning of the case, there was a disagreement between investigators and the DAs office about the focus of the investigation. In August 1997, Detective Steve Thomas resigns, saying the DAs office is thoroughly compromised. In September, Lou Smit also resigns saying he, cannot in good conscience be a part of the persecution of innocent people. Lawrence Schillers book, Perfect Murder, Perfect Town, describes the feud between police and prosecutors. Burke Ramsey After 15 months of investigation, the Boulder police decide the best way to solve the murder is a grand-jury investigation. In March 1998, police interview John and Patsy Ramsey a second time and do an extensive interview with their 11-year-old son Burke, who was reported as a possible suspect by some in the press. A leak to the news media indicates that Burkes voice could be heard in the background of the 911 call Patsy made, although she said he was asleep until after police arrived. Grand Jury Convenes On Sept. 16, 1998, five months after they were chosen, Boulder County grand jurors began their investigation. They heard forensic evidence, analysis of handwriting, DNA evidence, and hair and fiber evidence. They visited the Ramseys former Boulder home in October 1998. In December of 1998, the grand jury recesses for four months while DNA evidence from other members of the Ramsey family, who were not suspects, can be compared to that found at the scene. Hunter and Smit Clash In February 1999, District Attorney Alex Hunter demanded that detective Lou Smit return evidence that he collected while he worked on the case, including crime scene photographs. Smit refuses even if I have to go to jail because he believed the evidence would be destroyed if returned because it supported the intruder theory. Hunter filed a restraining order and got a court injunction demanding the evidence. Hunter also refused to allow Smit to testify before the grand jury. Smit Seeks Court Order Detective Lou Smit filed a motion asking Judge Roxanne Bailin to allow him to address the grand jury. It is not clear if Judge Bailin granted his motion, but on March 11, 1999, Smit testified before the jury. Later that same month, district attorney Alex Hunter signed an agreement allowing Smit to keep the evidence he had collected in the case but prohibited Smit from relaying prior conversations with Ramsey prosecutors and not interfere with the on-going investigation. No Indictments Returned After a year-long grand jury investigation, DS Alex Hunter announces that no charges will be filed and no one will be indicted for the murder of JonBenet Ramsey. At the time, several media reports suggested that it was Smits testimony that swayed the grand jury to not return an indictment. The Suspicions Continue In spite of the grand jury decision, members of the Ramsey family continued to remain under suspicion in the media. The Ramseys adamantly proclaimed their innocence from the very beginning. John Ramsey said he thought that someone in the family could be responsible for JonBenets murder was nauseating beyond belief. But those denials did not keep the press from speculating that either Patsy, Burke or John himself were involved. Burke Not a Suspect In May 1999, Burke Ramsey was secretly questioned by the grand jury. The following day, authorities finally said that Burke was not a suspect, only a witness. As the grand jury began to wind down its investigation, John and Patsy Ramsey are forced to move from their Atlanta-area home avoid the onslaught of media attention. Ramseys Fight Back In March 2002, the Ramseys released their book, The Death of Innocence, about the battle they have fought to reclaim their innocence. The Ramseys filed a series of libel lawsuits against media outlets, including the Star, the New York Post, Time Warner, the Globe and the publishers of the book A Little Girls Dream? A JonBenet Ramsey Story. Federal Judge Clears Ramseys In May 2003, an Atlanta federal judge dismissed a civil lawsuit against John and Patsy Ramsey saying there was no evidence showing the parents killed JonBenet and abundant evidence that an intruder killed the child. The judge criticized the police and the FBI for creating a media campaign designed to make the family look guilty.

Conduit Metaphor - Definition and Examples

A conduit metaphor is a type of conceptual metaphor (or figurative comparison) commonly used in English to talk about the process of communication. The concept of the conduit metaphor was originally explored by Michael Ready in his 1979 article The Conduit Metaphor: A Case of Frame Conflict in Our Language About Language (see below). Reddy estimated that the conduit metaphor functions in roughly 70% of the expressions used to talk about ​language. The Framework of the Conduit Metaphor Typical solutions to the unskilled speakers communication problems are illustrated by (4) through (8). (4) Whenever you have a good idea practice capturing it in words(5) You have to put each concept into words very carefully(6) Try to pack more thoughts into fewer words(7) Insert those ideas elsewhere in the paragraph(8) Dont force your meanings into the wrong words. Naturally, if language transfers thought to others, then the logical container, or conveyer, for this thought is words, or word-groupings like phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and so on. . . .[F]our categories . . . constitute the major framework of the conduit metaphor. The core expressions in these categories imply, respectively, that: (1) language functions like a conduit, transferring thoughts bodily from one person to another; (2) in writing and speaking, people insert their thoughts or feelings in the words; (3) words accomplish the transfer by containing the thoughts or feelings and conveying them to others; and ( 4) in listening or reading, people extract the thoughts and feelings once again from the words.(Michael J. Reddy, The Conduit Metaphor: A Case of Frame Conflict in Our Language About Language. Metaphor and Thought, ed. by Andrew Ortony. Cambridge University Press, 1979) The Conduit Metaphor and Communication [Michael] Reddy points out that the Conduit Metaphor is not a specific expression; rather, it names the metaphoric assumptions that enable a range of common expressions such as getting the message across, putting thoughts into words, and getting a lot out of a text. . . .Although the Conduit Metaphor may fail to describe all that transpires in typical writing situations, it does not impose an erroneously reductive structure upon complex activity but rather grows out of a complex of embodied activity, situated experience, and rhetorical human relationships. It is a rhetorical metaphor that, in certain instances, asserts a description of communication or an ethical standard. Without it, for example, we would have little basis for ethical objections to lying, concealment, failure to warn, failure to be responsible, and so on. It is crucial that we recognize, however, that when the Conduit Metaphor is treated as credible, it is combined with other concepts whose implications support its credibility. Most saliently, it combines with Language Is Power, a concept that has both evident ontological and ethical ramifications.(Philip Eubanks, Metaphor and Writing: Figurative Thought in the Discourse of Written Communication. Cambridge University Press, 2011) Lakoff on the Grammar of Conduit Metaphors Now consider: That idea just came to me out of the blue. . . . The general conceptual metaphor involved here is the CONDUIT metaphor, according to which ideas are objects that can be sent and received. Out of the blue is a metaphorical source phrase, and That idea is not just the Content of the cognitive experience, but is also the metaphorical Theme that moves to me. The grammar of the sentence is a reflection of the metaphor. That is, it has the grammar of a literal Theme-Goal-Source sentence, like the literal The dog came to me out of the kennel. To put it another way, the sentence has source domain syntax. . . .Now let us turn to a case where an Experiencer is a metaphysical Patient and has the syntax of a Patient: The idea struck me out of the blue. Again, we have the CONDUIT metaphor, with an idea that is conceptualized as an object that comes from a source out of the blue to me, not just reaching me as a goal but striking me. Thus, me is not merely a Goal, but moreover, a Pati ent that is affected by being struck. The verb struck is from the source domain, as is the syntax, in which me is direct object, which is the natural grammatical relation for a Patient to have.(George Lakoff, Reflections on Metaphor and Grammar. Essays in Semantics and Pragmatics: In Honor of Charles J. Fillmore, ed. by Masayoshi Shibatani and Sandra A. Thompson. John Benjamins, 1995) Challenging the Conduit Metaphor In Metaphors We Live By, Lakoff and Johnson (1980: 10-12 et passim) describe what they call the CONDUIT metaphor as a cross-domain mapping consisting of the following main correspondences: IDEAS (OR MEANINGS) ARE OBJECTSLINGUISTIC EXPRESSIONS ARE CONTAINERSCOMMUNICATION IS SENDING(Lakoff and Johnson 1980: 10) This formulation of the CONDUIT metaphor has since become the most widely accepted account of the dominant way in which speakers of English talk and think about communication (e.g. Taylor 2002: 490 and KÃ ¶vecses 2002: 73-74). More recently, however, [Joseph] Grady (1997a, 1997b, 1998, 1999) has questioned the validity of the CONDUIT metaphor alongside that of many other well-established formulations of conceptual metaphors, for the following reasons: first, it lacks a clear experiential basis; second, it does not explain why some prominent elements of the source domain are not conventionally mapped onto the target (e.g. the notion of opening or sealing packages is not conventi onally projected from the domain of the transfer of objects to the domain of communication); and third, it does not account for why many expressions that have been associated with the CONDUIT metaphor are in fact conventionally used in relation to other domains of experience as well (e.g. The detective couldnt get much information out of the partial shoeprint (Grady 1998: 209, italics in original)).(Elana Semino, A Corpus-Based Study of Metaphors for Speech Activity in British English. Corpus-Based Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy, ed. by Anatol Stefanowitsch and Stefan Th. Gries. Mouton de Gruyter, 2006) Alternate Spellings: Conduit Metaphor See Examples and Observations below. Also see: MetalanguageCommunication ProcessMetaphorThirteen Ways of Looking at a MetaphorWriting Process

Child Maltreatment And Its Effects On Children Essay

Child maltreatment is an issue that most social workers will face throughout their career. Although there are many causes to a child being neglected, sexually or physically abused; studies have shown that poverty is in many cases linked to child maltreatment. There are currently 488 counties in America where twenty percent of the population has lived below the poverty line for the past thirty years or more (Clyburn, 2014). Studies have shown that poverty is linked to child abuse and neglect. With poverty comes the stresses of housing and instability, childcare burden, substance availability and susceptibility to crime in order to satisfy material needs. And in the midst of all of this, there are children who are being targeted by their parent or guardian when life becomes too difficult to endure. Poverty has been proven to bring about many other matters that will eventually affect a child. Physical disorders in neighborhoods such as â€Å"Broken Windows Theory† which consists of graffiti on buildings, abandoned cars, broken windows and garbage in the streets are an example of this. These disorders have shown to have had an effect on those who are having to live in such conditions. It is a constant reminder as to where they rank in the economic scale. Social disorders that are experienced in bad neighborhoods such as verbal harassment on the streets, prostitution, public intoxication and rowdy groups of young males in public can also cause affliction between parents and theirShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Child Maltreatment On Children1582 Words   |  7 Pagesnegative effects that child maltreatment has on a child throughout their childhood and their life. Child maltreatment is defined as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiv er that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2007). Child maltreatment includes physical, sexual, and psychological abuse, as well as neglect and failure to supervise (Franks, Miller, Schelble, 2010). Children who areRead MoreChild Maltreatment And Its Effects On Children Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pages Child Maltreatment Faith A. Hopper Columbia College HUMS 390 Child Maltreatment In the beginning of this course, maltreatment meant getting hit in areas of your body besides your buttocks. But as this class progressed through this class it gets much deeper than that. According to the New York Office of Child and Family Services, maltreatment is defined as the quality of care a child is receiving from those responsible for him/her. When a parent or individual who is legally responsibleRead MoreChild Maltreatment And Its Effects On Children3861 Words   |  16 PagesIntroduction Of all the reported American child maltreatment in 2013, 79.5% of victims experienced neglect, more than four times the victims that were physically abused (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2013). Neglect is one of the most common forms of child maltreatment and public awareness of this problem was raised in the 1960s by the work of C. Henry Page 1 of 1Kempe which described the battered-child syndrome. It was only then that child maltreatment was regarded as a serious social problemRead MoreChild Maltreatment And Its Effects On Children2157 Words   |  9 PagesChild Maltreatment Maltreatment is a sever form of parental abuse that could really take a toll on a developing child. Children should be treated with the utmost care because they are developing and growing physically, physiologically, and emotionally everyday for starters. It has always been a known staple that children need to get enough sleep, eat their vegetables, along with a healthy diet, and follow and healthy regimen in order to reach full healthy potential. Malnourishment effectsRead MoreEffects Of Child Maltreatment On Children859 Words   |  4 PagesConsequences of Child Maltreatment The maltreatment of children within the United States is an unfortunate but evident issue that presents some very detrimental consequences for the victims. Victims of child maltreatment typically suffer from both short-term and long-term consequences, resulting from the negligence of their parents. Across the nation techniques and measures have been taken in order to prevent the advancement of child abuse within high-risk homes, although despite these efforts sometimesRead MoreChild Maltreatment And Its Effects On Children1373 Words   |  6 Pagesimpair the normal development of memory in children. This paper will evaluate the role of child maltreatment (physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, and neglect) in the changes of memory function. We will first explore maltreatment’s effect on the physiological changes that occur in the primary brain structures that are involved in the development and functions of memory. Next, we will examine the differences in memory among maltre ated and non-maltreated children in various types of memory, includingRead MoreChild Maltreatment And Its Effect On Children Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is a high chance that we will read another horror story about a maltreated child. It seems as long as bad people are in this world, abuse and neglect will always exist. While statistics show that maltreatment cases have decreased, we wonder if that really is the case. Many people feel that both the police and programs created to protect children have failed. Although, we might not be able to stop maltreatment altogether, there is still room for improvement to prevent it with education and enforcingRead MoreChild Maltreatment And Its Effects On Children1640 Words   |  7 Pagestragic than others and starts earlier than others. Children in particular are vulnerable to these tragic events because they are unable to properly defend themselves, depending on their size and communication ability. Child abuse and neglect are pro blems that are happening to children all across the world. David Pelzer, author of the autobiographic book A Child Called It, was an American child who experienced child abuse and is still feelings its effects to this very day. His mother committed audaciousRead MoreChild Maltreatment And Its Effects On Children2029 Words   |  9 Pages Abstract Child Abuse and Neglect continue to be a serious pediatric and social threat to the nation’s children. Child maltreatment is more than bruises and broken bones. While physical abuse may be the most noticeable, other types of abuse, such as emotional and sexual abuses, leave deep, lasting scars. Child Maltreatment includes significant negative experiences with long-lasting effects. These childhood experiences cause detrimental, long lasting effects during cognitive, behavioral, and emotionalRead MoreChild Maltreatment And Its Effects On Children With Disabilities981 Words   |  4 PagesChild Maltreatment Child maltreatment is implicated as a risk factor in many disorders, ranging from externalizing such as conduct disorder to internalizing such as anxiety or depression. In the text, they propose a question as to the timing of abuse. Does the abuse come as a reaction of the parents because the child is difficult to manage? Or does difficult behavior such result from the abuse? Research has shown that children that may be harder to manage such as disabilities are at higher risk

Report of Influence Leadership on Apple Inc Free Essays

Report of influence leadership on Apple Inc | May 5 2011 | This report shows market review, SWOT and PEST of Apple Inc as well as back ground of Steve Jobs- brilliant CEO. It also criticize and relate to leadership theories in his case. | | Contents Introductions3 Findings4 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Report of Influence Leadership on Apple Inc or any similar topic only for you Order Now Products and services4 2. Market review5 Literature review10 Conclusions15 Recommendations15 References16 Introductions It is obvious to suggest that the success of  a  corporate brand  is based on  many factors  that  impact directly  or indirectly to  delivering the  decision  to build  that success. Human factors, especially  the role of leaderships and  their decision  are  prerequisite  to bring ‘a unique success’  in both  business and  brand reputation. According to Fortune magazine, Apple Inc is â€Å"The Most Admired Company† in the USA in 2010 and becomes a leader in technical rivalry in majority areas such as consumer electronics as well as software products [ (Magazine, 2011) ]. Its success based on creativity and innovation strategies, and a significant advantages which allows the company to occupy the leading positions in the world market is leadership of this Company , specially Steve Jobs- a visionary talents CEO. He has played an important role in the development of the computer company. However, this was also the problem of Apple because of lack of Steve Jobs such as when he got cancer leading to falling down Apple’ stock price in the past. So that, The aim of this report will focus on affection of leadership on Apple and how leadership theories relate in this case. This report also shows market review of Apple Inc and recommends for this company . The report based on secondary research (public information on the internet, journals and literature review from books). Laterally, the research will evaluate the fact and key theories in specific circumstance- Apple Inc and Steve Jobs. Findings 1. Products and services In 1976, Apple was co-founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. The Company specializes designs, manufactures, and markets consumer electronics products – personal computers, portable music players, mobile phones – as well as related software, services, and peripherals. Apple sells its products worldwide and provides support through its website . Additionally, Apple distributes digital entertainment content through its iTunes Store. While initially offering only music, the store has grown to include videos, television shows, films, and audio books. Apple’s products and services include: * A range of personal computing products including desktop and portable computers. The Company’s desktop computers such as iMac ®, Mac ® Pro and Mac ® mini. Its portable computers include MacBook ®, MacBook ® Pro and MacBook Air ®. * iPod: The iPod was launched as a line of portable digital music players in 2001, a portable entertainment device capable of storing photos and playing video. iPhone: Released in June 2007, the iPhone marked Apple’s entry into the rapidly growing Smartphone market. * In January 2010, introduced iPad, a multi-purpose mobile device for browsing the web, reading and sending email, viewing photos, watching videos†¦ etc * iTunes Store: in early 2001, iTunes is a digital media player application used to manage audio and video files. * Apple TV: Launched in 2007, the App le TV is a digital media receiver designed to play content from an Internet media service or any computer running iTunes. AppleCare ® provides a range of support options for the Company’s customers, include assistance that is built into software products, printed and electronic product manuals, online support including comprehensive product information as well as technical aid, and the Apple Care Protection Plan (â€Å"APP†). * The Company offers a range of software products for consumers and creative customers, including the Company’s proprietary Mac OS X and iOS operating system software. Ipad2 Imac Iphone4 Macbook Pro 2. Market review The Company manages its business primarily on a geographic basis. Operating segments consist of the Americas, Europe, Japan, Asia-Pacific. In September 25, 2010, the Company had opened a total of 317 retail stores, including 233 stores in the U. S. A and 84 stores all over the world, approximately 44% of the Company’s total net sales in 2010 inside the USA. Also, the Company had nearly 46,600 full-time equivalent employees and 2,800 full-time equivalent temporary employees and contractors. It has worldwide annual net sales of $65. 225 billion in 2010. (Inc, 2011) Net sales and Gross margin of Apple Inc in 2008-2009-2010 ($ million) Net sales/ Revenue : during 2010 increased $22. 3 billion, or 52% compared with 2009. Overall, total net sales of Apple increases rapidly, specially in 2010. (Inc, 2011) Expenditure: $1. 8 billion, $1. 3 billion and $1. 1 billion in 2010, 2009 and 2008 to invest development of new innovative products, such as iPhone, iPod, iPad and Macbook. (Inc, 2011) Investment of Apple in 2008-2009-2010( percentage %) * PEST Analysis * Politics Different countries have different policies which some way restrict or give the company chances. The company has to act in accordance with the environment regulations such as environment safe disposal or recycling. Triad , NAFTA and other regions open doors to trade ,otherwise Latin America, Asia offer massive potential. Unstable politics caused terrorism activities are directly impacting the overall business of the company. * Social The growing of computer and internet usage all over the world which are opportunities to develop computer industry. Education issue is put first for new generation which is key element for business of the company. User becomes more knowledgeable and skilled about computer. Economic Impacting from economic crisis leading to low consumers spending, however some signs of improvement appears by increasing of spending and investment of consumers. Currency exchange rate fluctuations and international trade regulations (tariffs and antidumping penalties) may affect products sales. * Technology Advanced in technology quickly and consumers appreciate more ; more advances in their systems. The traditional desktop might become outdated by the entrance of new revolutionary products. Increasing demands for new technology in schools and professionals. * SWOT Analysis * Competitors SWOT and PEST analysis above showed overview criticism about Apple. The company has a good performance, however it also encounters aggressive competitors in all segments of its business. The markets for the Company’s products and services are highly competitive. Because the segments in which the Company competes are characterized by rapid technological advances, including personal computers with its Mac computers; mobile communications and media devices with its iPhone, iPad and iPod product families, and distribution of third-party digital content and applications with its online iTunes Store. For instance : * Personal computers segment: According to Fortune magazine, HP is ranked 2nd in list of World’s most admired companies with score 7. 74 , HP’s revenue is $126 billion in 2010. (Magazine, 2011) (HP, 2011) * Mobile communications segment: HTC- The world’s largest maker of handset using Microsoft Corp. and Google Inc. operating systems. Its products use Google’s Android platform and   Windows Phone 7 software of  Microsoft. Revenue rose to NT$76 billion in third quarter 2010. Businessweek, 2011) * Software segment: Android, the free operating system developed by Google, accounted for a 32 percent share of the U. S. market for Smartphone bought in the past six months of 2010 according to August data from Nielsen Co. * Current and future trends Using Smartphone is increasing today( increased to 29 % in 2010, USA) (Roger Entner, 2011). A growing proportion of younger consumers opt to use their mobile contracts for all telecoms services. The f ocus of mobile industry will be on † platforms†, include operating systems ( iOS of Apple , Android of Google, and Microsoft’s Window 7) . The combination of affordable data plan and increasing Smartphone usage would get more people online. Consumers are ready to spend more for their extra functionality, effective and fashionable products. Touch, eye, voice and possibly even brain controllers will be commonplace. It also is future trend for personal computers and portable music players. Literature review As mentioned above , Apple’s success base on key point Steve Job- a brilliant CEO. Before analyzing influence of Steve Jobs on Apple and relate it with leadership theories, it is necessary to define leadership and its theories. Definition : Leadership is an interaction between two or members of a group that often involves structuring of the situation and the perceptions, expectation of members. Leaders are agent of change-person whose acts affect other people more than other people’s act affect them. Leadership occurs when one group member modifies the motivation or competencies of others in the group. In fact, some people are able to lead naturally while others, leadership skills are built up through hard work and practice. According to Stogdill’s studies, there are 5 elements which modify effective leader traits : Capacity, Achievement, Responsibility, Participation, Status. (Bloisi et al. , 2007) In addition, 4 leader decision styles were classified include : Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez-faire, Human relation. (Bloisi et al. , 2007) Although, leader’s success also depends on how they interact with various circumstances that influence the tasks to be undertaken. A range of researches was pointed out, however some popular theories have known( contingency theories). Firstly, The Fiedler contingency model-matching leader style and situational favorableness factors. It includes (Bloisi et al. , 2007) Task structure – the degree to which the duty are formalised and planned; Position power – the degree of influence a leader has over activities such as recruitment, authority, promotion and increasing salary; Leader-member relations – the degree of confidence, trust and respect inferiors have for the leader . Secondly, Hersey and Blanchard’s (1996) situational leadership theory – matching leader behaviours to followers’ needs. Based on combinations of the leader’s task and relationship behaviours as moderated by the job maturity of followers. (Bloisi et al. , 2007). It includes: Task behaviours – organising and defining roles, structure, channel of communication; Relationship behaviours – relationship with inferiors by opening channel of communication and supporting. Thirdly, Path-goal theory ( House and Mitchell, 1974) : a leader should clarify goals, show acceptable paths for attaining goals, make the path easier to travel, and reward satisfactory performance. (Bloisi et al. , 2007). It includes: Directive leadership (highly task orientated)- provide guidance and how indentified performance standards and time schedules as well as policies; Achievement-orientated leadership (high task and relationship orientated) – challenge purpose is built up, seeks performance upgrading ; Participative leadership ( moderately task and highly relationship orientated ) – consulting with and soliciting the ideas of others in decision-making; Supportive leadership (highly relationship orientated) -concern for the needs and purposes of others and strives to make the work conditions satisfying and equitable. Additionally, there are 2 styles among several leadership styles which modify model of leaders. Firstly, Transactional leadership – using bureaucratic authority and incentives to motivate, focusing on rewards according to Bass theory. Secondly, Charismatic leadership – † heroic † leadership ; the ability to energize interiors through the use of symbols, visionary, stories and rhetoric to achieve at extraordinary levels, typically having a vision and a reason for the future , advanced by Weber (1947). Such information have demonstrated some traits and processes of leadership in an organisation. In fact , they are also traits which fit in Apple case. Its success story began in 1976, when Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniaks launched their own business, the Apple Computer Company, in Jobs’ family garage. At that time, he was 21, then by the age of 25 , Jobs obsessed $165 million . The increase of Apple’s success quickly which put the first landmark in his line of business. (Campbell, 2011) In 1985, he got out of the way of Apple when John Sculley , who came from Pepsi-Cola, had joined. Four years later, Jobs came back with another company, NextStep which achieved far away from the success of Apple but it recalled people that he would continued in his way. Later, he secondly started with his participation in Pixar- the animation company he purchased from the Star Wars director, George Lucas. The first success of Pixar is movie Toy Story which lead to its position as one of the key player in Hollywood, then launching movie Finding Nemo. Its success made Jobs a billionaire and prepared for his coming back Apple in 1997. Within one year , the ailing company was once more making huge profits. However, his journey didn’t stop at that point. Since the combination of high-speed Internet and the music industry has opened a new segment for getting profit by downloading music . Jobs believe that iTunes is the answer. Additionally, Ipad2 is leader in digital book and tablet segment now. (Campbell, 2011) Steve Jobs is really an effective leader, an important person in development of Apple. In many way , his traits fit in charismatic leadership. Firstly, an ideology is showed clearly, often using labels and slogans, He offered a vivid and positive image of the future. For instance, he used the slogan as well as the iconic logo of the Mac team:† Pirates! Not the Navy â€Å"to build up Mac team( a group specializes design new products) (Elliot, Jay; L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 38). Being pirate, employees should think differently and act as revolution. His goal and passion are perfect products. He concerned about every details of products carefully until it was launched. This is an ideological image which he and his team follow, becomes a motivation in the whole company. By articulating an ideological vision and recruiting a number of talents who share the values of the vision, he develops the company. Secondly, he showed clear structure to reach his goal as well as increases positive values and suggest linkages between expected behaviors from interiors with his vision of the future. For example, he formed the Mac group would never raise more than a hundred people because it was easy to fall into the danger of free flowing of ideas, barriers of communication among employees. He had a plan to guarantee everyone has the same wavelength and the same direction, setting a standard of doing each task for each staff (Elliot, Jay; L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 38). He ordered the team to create a whole new prototype of the computer using different chip, the Motorola 68000, which featured a lager memory. Another case, he forced people do his direction by calling meetings, setting new paths, adding new people into Mac team to move the cursor with some kind of control device . It led to moving the cursors with the mouse , clicking o make collection, dragging a file or icon (Elliot, Jay; L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 15). That was the fundamentals of the way we use computers today. Also, he was always finding for something specific from each group to link the quality he wanted. He brought out the creative talent in several people and guided them to work in harmony as well as encouraged open discussion. These characters also fit with Task behaviors of Hersey and Blanchard theory and Task structure of Fielder theory. Because both theories are quite similar , they show clear structure and aim to lead employees follow. H In fact, effective leader does not rely on one leadership style to manage company. Transaction leadership style also contain in this case. He has focused on achieving the tasks at hand. Jobs has got things done by making, and fulfilling, promises of recognition, and advancement for employees who have performed well. By contrast, employees who do not do good work are penalized. This promise and reward for good performance, or threat and discipline for poor performance. For example, he set up product retreats into the actual work agenda, opening them every three months for the whole growing Mac team. Every member was expected to be present. One by one, each team manager for hard ware, soft ware, marketing, sales, finance, PR would present a brief status report and time line , explaining where they were in term of agenda. If their team was falling behind , they would be criticized and given some suggestions for how they could overcome (Elliot, Jay; L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 43). Everybody was free to give suggestions. Besides, he decided that the signatures of the engineering team members would be put on the inside of the case of the first Mac. It’s also a gift or recognition from him to interiors. Another case, achievement- oriented leadership consist with his traits, he was always discovering imperfections in everything , from the design to the marketing and packaging , to how the product would be promoted and sold. He always asked: † At the first grade level† (Elliot, Jay; L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 21) . In a story, he had decided early on that the cell phone being developed at Apple would have only a single button but his engineers couldn’t carry out , then, he kept demanding in effect : † The phone will have a single button. Figure it out† (Elliot, Jay; L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 23). By high demanding, we have iPhone 4 with only a single button today. In addition, he is autocratic decision style because he always gave duty for others and decided quickly. However, he is a relation behaviors and supportive leader. He focused on the slogan: † We are all in this together† by bringing people from different aspects to meet each others in celebrations and to make a satisfaction work place such as allowing to work free of usual restrictions (Elliot, Jay; L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 40). Apple would become known as a company that celebrated just about everything: meeting goal, sales growth, new product introduction, new key people. In 1981, Bandley Drive building , a part of the center was a large atrium (Elliot, Jay; L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 50). It had a piano, video games huge fridge stocked with bottles of fruit juice . It was quickly became a place for the employees to meet and hang out. Finally, his case consist with leader member relations theory. Because of all of his passion and actions , followers have a strong respect and trust to him. Talents would be attracted by talents, that is explanation for Why Apple attracted many genius engineers and developed nowadays. At last but not least, that is the innovation of Steve Jobs in the whole business context. Technologies which he developed and advanced in NextStep and Pixar were applied on Apple Inc. That is really a basic for Apple’s success . He always plays an important role in making right decision as the statement about leader and manager : Leader do the right thing , manager do the thing right. (Bloisi et al. , 2007) Conclusions Steve Jobs is criticized as an effective leader in the world. His famous and the well known of Apple remain together and will keep an important position in world trade. He is a part of success of Apple Inc and a leader in significant decision of development of his company. Understanding Apple Inc case and its market as well as an important leader- Steve Jobs will make us be aware of some traits of leadership in many theories deeply. His leadership style are : Task behaviors of Hersey and Blanchard theory and Task structure of Fielder theory, Charismatic leadership and Transaction leadership as well as Relation behaviors and Supportive leader. So that, it is realization that an successful leader always exists different leadership styles. Leaders always change their leadership style flexibility which is suitable for each task and each circumstance. Recommendations A part of the success of Apple based on Steve Jobs but it is dangerous if lack of this key leader. Besides, Job also shows that he is impatient person. So, it is considered seriously that Apple should give structure and motivation for employees as well as the whole company clearly and make it become tradition. Also, it is necessary to improve workplace such as improving workplace conditions in China and invest more in charity segment as Microsoft. It is useful to promote Apple’s image. References Bloisi, W. , W. Cook, C. ; L. Hunsaker, P. , 2007. Leadership. In K. Reade, ed. Management and Organisational Behaviour. 2nd ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill Education. pp. 652- 672. Businessweek, B. , 2011. Boomberg. [Online] Available at: http://www. businessweek. com/news/2010-10-06/htc-posts-record-revenue-profit-on-android-phones. html [Accessed 4 May 2011]. Campbell, D. , 2011. Guardian. [Online] Available at: http://arts. uardian. co. uk/features/story/0,11710,1241745,00. html [Accessed 4 May 2011]. Elliot, Jay; L. Simon,William, 2011. In The Steve Jobs Way: iLeadership for a New Generation. New York: Vanguard Press. p. 38. Elliot, Jay; L. Simon,William, 2011. In The Steve Jobs Way: iLeadership for a New Generation. New York: Vanguard Press. p. 21. Elliot, Jay; L. Simon,William, 2011. In T he Steve Jobs Way: iLeadership for a New Generation. New York: Vanguard Press. p. 23. Elliot, Jay; L. Simon,William, 2011. In The Steve Jobs Way: iLeadership for a New Generation. New York: Vanguard Press. p. 40. Elliot, Jay; L. Simon,William, 2011. In The Steve Jobs Way: iLeadership for a New Generation. New York: Vanguard Press. p. 50. HP, 2011. HP Coporate information. [Online] Available at: http://www8. hp. com/us/en/hp-information/facts. html [Accessed 4 May 2011]. Inc, A. , 2011. Apple Inc. [Online] Available at: http://www. apple. com/investor/ [Accessed 4 May 2011]. Magazine, F. , 2011. Money. cnn. [Online] Available at: http://money. cnn. com/magazines/fortune/mostadmired/2010/industries/7. html [Accessed 4 May 2011]. Roger Entner, S. V. P. R. a. I. T. P. , 2011. nielsewire. [Online] Available at: How to cite Report of Influence Leadership on Apple Inc, Papers

Semiotics And Intertextuality Essay Example For Students

Semiotics And Intertextuality Essay Semiotics and Intertextuality Part I IntertextualityThe semiotic notion of intertextuality is associated primarily with poststructuralist theorists. Each media text exists in relation to others. In fact, texts owe more to other texts than to their own makers. Texts are framed by others in many ways. Most obvious are formal frames: a television programme, for instance, may be part of a series and part of a genre (soap or sitcom). Our understanding of any individual text relates to such framings. Genre theory: Within semiotics genres can be seen as sign systems or codes conventionalized but dynamic structures. Each example of a genre utilises conventions which link it to other members of that genre. Such conventions are at their most obvious in spoof versions of the genre. Links also cross the boundaries of formal frames, for instance, in sharing topics with treatments within other genres (the theme of war is found in a range of genres such action-adventure film, documentary, news, current affairs). Some genres are shared by several media: the genres of soap, game show and phone-in are found on both television and radio; the genre of the news report is found on TV, radio and in newspapers; the advertisement appears in all mass media forms. Texts sometimes allude directly to each other as in remakes of films, and in many amusing contemporary TV ads. Texts in the genre of the trailer are directly tied to specific texts within or outside the same medium. The genre of the progra mme listing exists within the medium of print (listings magazines, newspapers) to support the media of TV, radio and film. TV soaps generate substantial coverage in popular newspapers, magazines and books; the magazine format was adopted by TV, radio and now by Web. Each text exists within a vast society of texts in various genres and media: no text is an island entire of itself. A useful semiotic technique is comparison and contrast between differing treatments of similar themes (or similar treatments of different themes), within or between different genres or media. Questions for You and MeIntertextualityDoes it allude to other genres? Does it allude to or compare with other texts within the genre? How does it compare with treatments of similar themes within other genres? Very good book on genres by Michail Bakhtin, although he is not pure simiotician. Film Theory LinksWide Angle: A Film Quarterly of Theory, Criticism, and Practice from USC. Transparency: Mass Media, Visul Culture and Ideology. LisztSelect: Film Theory Lists: Groups, Discussions. Auther Theory: selling select books. Cine-Tracks: Canadian Film Theory Journal. Dramatica Theory of Story: for writers. Open Directory Project:Movies: Theory Criticism (needs an editor). Film-Theory contact Page: subscribe! Iconology Movies: from Yale Press. SOFIA links: from UK. CinemaSpace: from Berkeley. Voice of the Shuttle: Theory: including literature, the best! English Server: one the best sources on the Internet, if not the best! F-Theory: good personal page on movies and film. 100 Best in film history of the century Classic BookTheory of Film: The Redemption of Physical RealitySiegfried Kracauer; with an introduction by Miriam Bratu Hansen Princeton University Press, 364 PP., $19.95, Paper, 0691037043 Princeton has made an interesting and very worthwhile decision to reprint Siegfried Kracauers impressive work on film aesthetics (the term magnum opus would not be inappropriate). (Theory of Film was originally published in 1960, this new paperback edition is the only one currently in print in English.) At a time when film so readily employs digital means to create images, Kracauers emphasis on films connection to photography as a representation of reality might seem out -of-date. However, As Miriam Bratu Hansen points out in her excellent introduction, suggestions that Kracauers theories of film belong to the beautiful ruins in the philosophical landscape certainly miss out on what is certainly very relevant and consistently challenging in Theory of Film. Written during his exile in France during World War II (Theory of Film differs in many ways from his Weimar writings, the specter of the Holocaust and Nazism, shaped Kracauers views on film) Kracauer views film as both the perfect medium for the representation of the crisis of modernity and the modern subject as well as holding out the possibility to suggest and encourage new perspectives and constructs in which to change its condition. Now that Theory of Film is once again available to English-speaking readers it will undoubtedly take its place among the works of Bazin and Arnheim, as well as Kracauers own From Caligari to Hitler as a classic work of film theory.

Challenges Regarding Internship Programs †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Challenges Regarding Internship Programs. Answer: Introduction In the new borderless business sector, different organizations face the vast array challenges like the social and technology shifts, cultural diversity, aging workforce, as well as political instability. The sequence of this challenge is that there is the ever-increasing focus on active recruitment (?iutien? Railait?, 2015). Therefore, Starbucks Company continues to face key challenges for recruiting its workforce like any other company within the global corporate sector. Starbucks Company has the issue in developing its leadership during recruitment. Besides, development of appropriate leadership in recruitment process remains to be the essential concern in every company. Starbucks Company as a business that deals with the sale of a range of hot together with cold drinks, food items, and accessories, it is essential for its HR management to ensure that they put appropriate strategies to recruit skilled and qualified persons. Therefore, the primary target of this report is to addres s some of the key challenges for recruiting Starbucks Companys labor force as well as suggesting some of the strategies applicable in overcoming such challenges. The workforce of any organization continues to be the primary source of competitive edge of the Starbucks Company over its competitors. The process for active recruitment and strategy of selection is not always smooth sailing. Human resource management of Starbucks Company faces actual problems that include the cost of advertising job openings and intangible obstacles. Some of these barriers include improving communication process between the recruiters together with hiring managers (Moschetto, 2014). The other primary key challenges comprise of labor supply and demand, the image of the company, diversity concerns, aging workers, and generation. Supply and demand of labor Starbucks Company finds it tough to re-expand its different stores that had previously close don because of lack of adequate personnel. Shortage of laborers remains to be the issue that worsens the future operations of the company. The increased attention on the inadequacy of workers hinders the efficient recruitment processes of the workforce (Sutton, 2017). Besides, the rise in demand for the labor by other companies to take away workers from Starbucks Company inhibits the active recruitment and retention of skilled personnel to stabilize the flow of many skilled employees in the operation of the company. The competition imposed to Starbucks Company by other well-established companies for the demand of labor form one of the highest challenges the company face for searching of top talent (Hope, 2017). Other companies can offer the best benefits packages, higher wages, as well as other advantages and this make it difficult for the Starbucks Company to get the adequate number of perso ns to recruit into its operations. Most HR managers in Starbucks Company are unable to understand actions that make its recruitment process to be less bureaucratic compared to other organizations within the competitive marketplace. Additionally, the company faces the problem of finding qualified applicants during the hiring process. Starbucks Company has focused on investing its resources into the process of image advertising as this ensures that it is in the right place to work and supporting the diversity of the workplace. Most targeted clients for recruitment tend to focus on image portrayed in the advertisement modes in loving or hating the company (Sadhukhan, 2012). The company lacks the best strategy of placing its ad when the management wants to hire more workers. The wrong presentation of the image of the Starbucks Company makes it require the correct number of people who apply for their jobs. The inadequacy in some persons to undergo scrutinization makes it tough for the company to attain skilled and qualified individuals that can support its operations (McCarthy, 2016). Therefore, it is essential for the company to use the correct measures and channels of portraying the exact image of its operations by use of best pictures and words in advertising for the vacant opportunities. Demographic concerns The issues of demographic in any organization affect hugely the requirements set for recruiting a worker. A range of management as well as practices of leaders that focus on valuing diversity in the workforce can make many qualified and skilled persons to shy away from coming to the recruitment process. The demographic that focuses on different needs of recruiters like their backgrounds, skills, age, marital status, religions, and needs influences variously qualified personnel during the interview without such concerns (Sutton, 2015). The demographic interest of focusing on young and energetic workers by the Starbucks Company has negatively affected its recruitment process because most of the experienced are aged, and they are not considerable during the hiring process. Therefore, change in demographic effects hiring process of the workforce for the Starbucks Company by altering the pools of potential employees. The concern also changes the needs of employees and influencing broader business objective like provision of services. The aging workforce is one of the most acknowledged barriers to the participation of the workforce in the recruitment process of Starbucks Company. Age discrimination during hiring process affects the retention of staff (Bradford, 2016). Besides, the discrimination of aged persons in recruitment for the workforce by Starbucks Company arises because of the combination of social perception along with economic justifications. Hiring process within the company faces a challenge imposed by aging labor force because of the costs as well as capital for retraining older workers (Sutton, 2017). Besides, managers believe that older employees will find it harder to learn advanced skills that result to advancement in modern technology. Many cases, Starbucks Company, face the problem of dealing with age discrimination, caregiving responsibilities, job search assistance, and caregiving responsibilities. The advancement in present technology in operations of companies has a massive influence on operations of Starbucks Company. The new policies for conducting business operations among the firms that deal with coffee products like Starbucks Company have made it tough during recruitment of laborers (Glasscock, 2013). The management faces daunting task during recruitment to form the idea strategy to select workforce that can deal with changes in business environment. In most cases, managers get so caught up in running their daily business activities along with closing sales that they forget about the significance of improving the companys operations and image on their products and importance of implementing different practices of recruiting. The diversity within the company focuses on age, ethnicity, gender, nationality, age, and sexual orientation. All these issues pertaining diversity affect how Starbucks Company performs its recruitment process (Baran Klos, 2014). In some cases, the company focuses on the need of employing workers from one gender, and they might fail to attain the adequate number of such people. Such scenarios make the HR management of Starbucks Company to remain in desperate as they fail to advise different targeted groups to come for their training as well as getting skilled persons (Haskova, 2015). The issue of getting dozens of unqualified applicants that wastes the resources of the company continues to be a more frustrating factor during the recruitment process. Strategies to address these challenges The quality of the workforce of the Starbucks Company can hire on the active recruitment along with the strategy for its selection. The needs of employer branding remain to be the real driver of acquiring the growth of talent during the recruitment process (McCarthy, 2016). Employer branding will help in resolving different challenges that arise in the course of recruiting workforce for Starbucks Company. It will ensure that every stakeholder of the company can understand the market perception (Hope, 2017). They can know what to work for an organization before selecting an individual to attain the right to be the companys employee. The recruiters and employee can be able to understand the companys image and their prospect, current, and prospect that different employees have in their mindsets concerning the experiences if employment at the Starbucks Company. Creation of employer branding will be essential for the company to keep its position filled in the current economy that experien ces war for talent that intensifies (Sutton, 2015). Therefore, employer brand aid in developing and marketing employment brand for the company by ensuring that every job seeker during recruitment understand why they need to work for the Starbucks Company. The use of the useful type of advertisement model aids in attracting a huge number of job seekers to attend recruitment. Efficient development of the proper plan for notice enables the Starbucks Company to make the initial expression for various persons (Mirick, 2014). Besides, the first impression among the people allows the company to go a long way in the determination of interest in the job opening that they advertise at any moment. The type of advertisement used by the firm must have the appropriate layout and include essential elements to attract huge numbers of job seekers. Some of the items include the title of the job and location of the company, description of the position, entry qualifications, and remuneration packages among other factors (?iutien? Railait?, 2015). Moreover, application of specialists recruitment advertising agency will allow the Starbucks Company to receive professional advice on the design and to copywriter mainly related to the process of recruiting it s workforce. Conclusion Following the discussed challenges that affect recruiting the workforce by the Starbucks Company, it is essential for the company to build the foundation of its commitment to its workers. The company needs to maintain its uncompromising principles as it grows in operations. Some of the guiding principles that the Starbucks Company can use to help it in measuring the appropriateness of its decisions during recruitment process are diverse. For instance, the company can provide the great work environment as well as treating every person in the enterprise with respect and dignity. The company can also focus on applying the highest standards of excellence to the strategies of recruiting labor force. Like many organizations, Starbucks Company should strive to hire the most skilled as well as talented workers. While Starbucks Company currently competitive in recruitment because of its health benefits offerings, application of social media metrics, along with the repute of the company, the c ompany must focus on continually assessing its tactics. There is a need for the Starbucks Company to determine compensation together with benefits to remain competitive among the businesses that deal with sales of coffee drinks and its products. Additionally, management of Starbucks Company must aim at maintaining wages that can make it have huge profits. The essential wants for improvement of operations during recruitment will ensure that Starbucks Company needs to shift to extra intrinsic and less monetary compensation slowly. The ever-increasing conflict for qualified and talented persons at the corporate level shows that there is the inadequacy for qualified professionals. Therefore, Starbucks Company needs to create an advanced fleet of leaders to conduct its recruitment activities for the workforce. There is a need for the Starbucks Company to create their internship programs while maintaining its standards of qualifications high until the program becomes reputable amongst top learning institutions like universities and colleges. References Baran, M., K?os, M. (2014). Managing an intergenerational workforce as a factor of company competitiveness. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, 7(1), 94-101. https://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2014/7-1/8 Bradford, M. (2016). Follow practical advice to limit legal challenges regarding internship programs. Recruiting Retaining Adult Learners, 19(1), 8-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nsr.30191 ?iutien?, R., Railait?, R. (2015). Challenges of managing an ageing workforce. Engineering Economics, 26(4). https://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.26.4.7081 Glasscock, B. (2013). 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